KAPPA

A lone mountain hiker falls through a hole in the ground into Kappaland, inhabited by creatures that are half tiger, half turtle. Here, children choose whether to be born, unemployed workers are turned into sandwich meat, and human artists are enshrined as saints. Despite the Kappas’ strange and often gruesome ways, it’s a return to the world above that drives the narrator to madness in Akutagawa’s only novel. Written as Japan entered an era of aggressive imperialism, this surreal satire is a darkly comic cry of protest.