UNDERSTANDING COLON CANCER

For decades, while other cancers grabbed the headlines, colorectal cancer was quietly ignored. The lifetime risk of colorectal cancer in the general population is 2. 5 to 5 percent. This means that twenty-five to fifty out of one thousand people will be stricken by this disease. Although data show that in America colorectal cancer incidence and mortality have been waning in recent decades, cancers of the colon and rectum still cause approximately 56,000 deaths annually. About 140,000 new cases are diagnosed each year. It is plainly evident that colon cancer constitutes a large portion of all new cancer cases, a little more than 10 percent. It is the fourth most frequent type. For the lay reader wishing to know more about this disease that has become more prominent in public attention, Understanding Colon Cancer gives concise information and explanation. It covers fundamental knowledge about occurrence, carcinogenesis, genetics, diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and treatment, as well as forecasting the kinds of diagnostic tests and treatments that may be developed. It reviews demographics, high-risk conditions, the sequence from bowel polyps to cancer, polyposis syndromes predisposing people to colorectal cancer, and the genetics of the disease. Discussed in full detail are the warning signs of the disease and the tests used for screening and diagnosis (fecal occult blood test, barium enema, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy). The stages of the disease are examined, along with theories of how colon cancer spreads. Two chapters focus on treatments, including surgery and chemotherapy. An entire chapter devoted to early detection and prevention discusses standard ap-proaches, as well as such new or emerging strategies as vitamins, drugs, and genetic screening. What lies in the future for diagnostic testing and therapy? Understanding Colon Cancer concludes with discussion that forecasts the potential of genetic screening and treatment, of "virtual colonoscopy," and of ne